Image Credits
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Public Domain Images from herbals and old reference books
ArtToday.com
Bayard, Tania, Sweet Herbs & Sundry Flowers: Medieval Gardens & the Gardens of the Cloisters (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985)
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Cunningham, Scott, Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs (St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1988)
Freeman, Margaret B., Herbs for the Medieval Household (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1943)
Hart, Harold, editor, Animal Art in the Public Domain (New York: Hart Publishing Company, 1983)
Lehner, Ernst and Johanna, Folklore and Odysseys of Food and Medicinal Plants (New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1962)
Islamic Art, European Art and Contemporary Images
Arnold, Thomas, The Legacy of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, )
Atil, Esin, Renaissance of Islam: Art of the Mamluks (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution/Freer Gallery, 1981)
- quran05.jpg: Double frontispiece, 14th centuryu
- quran06.jpg: Surah al-Falaq, Cairo, 1425
- ewer_brass.jpg: Brass ewer, 1300
- bowl_brass.jpg: Brass bowl inlaid with silver and gold, 1290
- rosewater_sprinkler02.jpg: Rosewater sprinkler,
- bowl_fluted.jpg: Fluted bowl, late 13th century
- bottle_fluted.jpg: Fluted bottle, late 13th-early 14th century
- goblet_blue_glass.jpg: Glass goblet, late 13th century
- beaker_blue_glass.jpg: Glass beaker, late 13th-early 14th century
- bowl_striped.jpg: Ceramic bowl, 14th century
- bowl_blue.jpg: Ceramic bowl, 14th century
- bowl_shallow.jpg: Ceramic bowl, 14th century
- bowl03.jpg: Ceramic bowl, 15th century
- goblet02.jpg: Ceramic goblet, 14th century
- goblet03.jpg: Pierced ceramic goblet, 14th century
- vessel.jpg: Ceramic vessel, 14th century
- jar01.jpg: Ceramic jar, 14th century
- jar02.jpg: Ceramic jar, 14th century
- jar03.jpg: Ceramic jar with geese, Syria, 14th century
- jar04.jpg: Ceramic jar with winged horses, 14th century
- jar05.jpg: Ceramic jar, 14th century
- jar06.jpg: Ceramic jar, 1470-90
Islamische Kunst (Berlin: Edition Kunstbuch Berlin im Rembrandt Verlag, 1982)
- bowl04.jpg: Bowl, Samarkand, late 10th or 11th century
- bowl05.jpg: Bowl, Iran, late 12th-early 13th century
- astrolabe.jpg: Astrolabe, Yemen, 1291
- seven_sleepers.jpg: The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, Tabriz, mid-16th century
- prince_and_dervish.jpg: A Princely Youth and a Dervish Beneath a Tree, drawing, Isfahan, 17th century
- dish22.jpg: Dish, Iran, 16th century
- dish23.jpg: Dish, Iznik, 17th century
- carpet_star_ushak.jpg: Star Ushak carpet, Anatolia, 17th century
- fish_box.jpg: Fish-shaped box, India, 17th century
Artil, Esin, Art of the Arab World (Washington, DC: Freer Gallery/Smithsonian Institution, 1975)
- jug_syrian.jpg: Jug, Syria, 12th-13th century
- wine_dispenser.jpg: A Container for Dispensing Wine, from the Automata of al-jazari, Syria, 1315
- mechanical_device.jpg: A Mechanical Device With Two Drinking Men, from the Automata of al-jazari, Syria, 1315
- basin_of_servant.jpg: The Basin of the Servant, from the Automata of al-jazari, Syria, 1315
- rukh_rescue.jpg, rukh_rescue_brushed.jpg: The Traveller's Rescue by the Rukh, Iraq, late 14th century
- fabulous_animal_large.jpg, fabulous_animal_brushed.jpg: A Fabulous Animal, Iraq, late 14th century
- medicinal_plants.jpg, plant01.jpg, plant02.jpg, plant01.jpg: The Egyptian Thorn, Ben Tree and Turpentine Tree, Iraq, late 14th century
- glass_beaker.jpg: Glass beaker, late 14th century
- dish_covered_large.jpg, dish_covered.jpg: Footed bowl with cover, Syria, 13th century
- bucket_bronze_large.jpg, bucket_bronze.jpg: Bronze bucket, Venice, 16th century
- ewer_brass_large.jpg, ewer_brass.jpg: Brass ewer, Syria, 1232
Atlas of the Islamic World since 1500 (New York: Facts on File, 1982)
- dervish03_large.jpg, dervish03_brushed.jpg: Portrait of a Qalandar, Timurid, 15th century
- mevlana02_large.jpg, mevlana02.jpg: Incident from the life of Mevlana Jelaluddin Rumi, no place, no date, Bodleian Library
- studying_large.jpg, studying.jpg: Learned man teaching, Mughal, 16th century
- dervishes02_large.jpg, dervishes02.jpg: Dervishes sitting beneath a tree, Isfahan, 17th century
- dancers_large.jpg, dancers.jpg: Silk tapestry, Isfahan, 17th century
- nargileh02.jpg: Nargileh, Persian, n.d.
- dara_shikoh_large.jpg, dara_shikoh.jpg: Dara Shikoh, by Govardhan, 17th century
- poppies_large.jpg, poppies.jpg: Poppies, Indian, 17th century
- garuda_large.jpg, garuda.jpg: Garuda motif, Indonesia, n.d.
- morocco_large.jpg, morocco.jpg: Shrine at Melilla, Morocco
- chinese_mosque_large.jpg, chinese_mosque.jpg: Mosque, Tao-chou, Kansu, China/li>
- chishti_shrine_large.jpg, chishti_shrine.jpg: Shrine of Moinuddin Chishti, Ajmer, India
Austin, R.W.J., et. al., The Arab World (Lausanne: Two Continents, n.d.)
Bakhtiar, Laleh, Sufi: Expressions of the Mystic Quest (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976)
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship
- bawa.jpg: Bawa stirs the pot, photographer unknown
Blair, Sheila, and Jonathan M. Bloom, The Art and Architecture of Islam: 1250-1800 (New Haven: Yale, 1994)
- yasavi_kazan_large.jpg, yasavi_kazan.jpg: Bronze cauldron from the shrine of Ahmad Yasavi, used to make Ashura, Turkestan City, 1395
- bowl_metal_large.jpg, bowl_metal.jpg: Brass bowl inlaid with silver and gold, Cairo, 15th century
- busiri_large.jpg, busiri_detail.jpg: Frontispiece from al-Busiri, al-Kawakib al-durriyya, Cairo, 1470
- enthroned_prince_large.jpg, enthroned_prince.jpg: Enthroned Prince from Ni'matnama, Malwa, 1495
- nashmi_large.jpg, nashmi.jpg: Nashmi the Archer, Isfahan, 1622
- jar_spouted.jpg: Spouted jar, Iran, 17th century
- confectioners_large.jpg, confectionerss.jpg: Procession of the Confectioners with Candy-Gardens, Istanbul, 1723
Bloom, Jonathan, and Sheila Blair, Islamic Arts (London: Phaidon, 1997)
- tree_large.jpg: Mosaic pavement, Khirbat al-Mafjar, near Jericho, c. 740
- dish_metal.jpg: Silver dish with geometric design enclosing simurghs, Iran, 9th-10th century
- condiment_dish_large.jpg, condiment_dish.jpg: Moulded earthenware condiment dish, Abu Nasr of Basra, Egypt, 9th century
- library.jpg: Medieval Arabic library , Yahya al-Wasiti, Baghdad, 1237
- village_scene_large.jpg, village_scene.jpg: Village scene, from Hariri's Maqamat, Baghdad, 1237
- silk_curtain.jpg: Silk curtain, probably made for the Alhambra palace, Granada, 15th century
- dioscorides.jpg: Dioscorides and a student, Syria, 1229. Topkapi Palace, Istanbul.
- dish02.jpg: Earthenware dish painted with lustre with the abstracted design of a bird, Samarra, 9th century
- dish03.jpg: Earthenware bowl, Iran, 10th Century. Freer Gallery.
- dish04.jpg: Fritware dish, Iznik, 1480. Gemeentemuseum, The Hague.
- dish05.jpg: Earthenware bowl, Mesopotamia, 9th century
- dish06.jpg: Earthenware dish, Nishapur, Iran, 1570
- ewer.jpg: Ewer, Mosul, 1232.
- ottoman_carpet.jpg: Ottoman carpet, Istanbul or Bursa, late 16th century
- prayer_rug.jpg: Prayer rug, Lahore, 16th century
- tilework02.jpg: Tile panel, Topkapi Palace, 1647
- tilework03.jpg: Tile panel, Damascus, 1600
- bottle.jpg: Lobed bottle, Iran, late 16th century
- dish01.jpg: Dish, Izkik, 1570
- hookah.jpg: Hookah base, Deccan, mid-18th century
- jar_ceramic.jpg: Ceramic jar, Fez, late 19th century
Bonheim, Jalaja, Goddess: A Celebration in Art and Literature (New York: Stuart, Tabori and Chang, 1997)
Blair, Sheila S., and Jonathan M. Bloom, editors, Images of Paradise in Islamic Art (Hanover, NH: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1991)
- paradise.jpg: Detail from Allegory of Heavenly and Earthly Drunkenness, by Sultan Muhammad, Persian 933/1526
- angel.jpg: Seated Angel, Persian, 16th Century CE
- dervish.jpg: Portrait of a Begging Dervish, Ottoman Turkey, mid-17th Century CE
- miraj02_large.jpg, angel_tray.jpg: Detail from The Mir'aj: Muhammad on Buraq, Khamsa of Nizami, Persian, mid-16th century CE
- persian.jpg: Detail from Allegory of Heavenly and Earthly Drunkenness, Divan of Hafiz, signed by Sultan-Muhammad, Safavid Iran, 933H 1526-27 CE
- taziye.jpg: Taziye play, Persian, 19th century
- mecca_large.jpg, mecca.jpg: Leaf from a pilgrimage guidfe depicting the Ka'aba at Mecca, Mecca, 990/1582
Brend, Barbara, Islamic Art (Cambridge: Harvard, 1991)
- khamsa.jpg: Illuminated page from Khamsa of Nizami, Herat, 900/1495
- conjuror_large.jpg, conjuror.jpg: Conjuror, Central Asia, 14th century
- dish19.jpg: Fritware dish, Iznik, 1550-70
- tilework03.jpg: Fritware spandrels, Iznik, 16th century
- papercut.jpg: Papercut, Istanbul, 16th century
- dervishes03.jpg: Sufi discourse in a garden, from the Divan of Hafiz, Agra, 1610
Brown, John K., The Dervishes, Or Oriental Spiritualism (London, 1868), reproduced in
Ernst, Carl, The Shambhala Guide to Sufism (Boston: Shambhala, 1997)
Danby, Guy, Moorish Style (London: Phaidon, 1995)
- dome_mosaic_detail.jpg: Detail from mosaic, interior dome, Dome of the Rock
- dome_window.jpg: Window, Dome of the Rock
- pearl_mosque.jpg: Pearl Mosque, Agra
- koutoubia_mosque.jpg: Koutoubia Mosque, Marrakech
- alhambra.jpg: Hall of the Two Sisters, the Alhambra
- alhambra02.jpg: Hall of the Abencerrages, the Alhambra. Lithograph by Baron Isidore Taylor, 1853
- arabesque01.jpg: Detail from the Great Mosque of Qous
- arabesques.jpg: Arabesque motifs from the Alhambra and the Great Mosque of Cordoba, drawn by Constantin Uhde, Berlin, 1892
- buteh.jpg: Buteh or shrub pattern, 18th century, Kashmir
- carpet_border.jpg: Floral arabesque border from a carpet of Safavid period
- tile_border.jpg: Earthenware border tile, Anatolia, 15th century
- arabesque02.jpg: Arabesque design with peony motif from the Khamsa of Nizami, Persia, n.d.
- tile02.jpg: Tile with Qur'anic inscription, Kashan, Persia, early 14th century
- tile03.jpg: Tile, Turkey, 16th century
- marble_border.jpg: Marble border detail, Taj Mahal, Agra, India
- marquetry.jpg: Moroccan marquetry detail
- star01.jpg, star02.jpg: Twelve-pointed star, woodworking detail from the minbar of the Thelay Abou Reziq Mosque, Cairo, illustrated by Prisse d'Avennes
- stucco_carving.jpg: Stucco carving, Court of the Myrtles, the Alhambra
- tile04.jpg: Tile with bird, floral and calligraphic elements, Kashan, Persia, early 14th century
- tile05.jpg: Tile, Kashan, 13th century
- bowl_iznik.jpg: Bowl, Iznik, late 15th century
- tilework04.jpg: Tilework from the Hall of Forty Columns, Isfahan, 17th century
- tilework05_large.jpg, tilework05.jpg: Tilework with green parrot, Iznik, 16th century
- ewer_crystal_large.jpg, ewer_crystal.jpg: Rock crystal ewer, Fatimid Egypt, late 10th century
- huqqa01.jpg: Jade huqqa base inlaid with precious stones, Mogul India, late 16th-early 17th century
- abuzayd_preaches.jpg: Abu Zayd preaching in the mosque at Samarkand, from the Maqamat of al-Hariri, Syria, 1300
Dodds, Jerrilynn, Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain (New York: Abrams/Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992)
- malaga_palace.jpg: Malaga, Palace fortifications
- ewer_spain.jpg: Ewer, Spain, 10th-11th centuries
- textile_fragment.jpg: Textile fragment, Spain, 10th century
- bowl_spain.jpg: Bowl, Spain, 10th century
- dish_boat.jpg: Dish with painting of boat, Spain, 15th century
- minbar_detail.jpg: Detail of woodworking on minbar, Kutubiyyah Mosque, Marrakech, 1125-30
DuRy, Carel J., Art of Islam (New York: Abrams, 1970)
- saucer.jpg: Earthenware saucer, Susa, 8th century
- dish13.jpg: Plate, Mesopotamia, 860
- dish12.jpg: Plate, Samarkand, 9th-10th century
- dish16.jpg: Plate, Hirah, 9th-10th century
- bowl_glass.jpg: Glass bowl, Egypt, 11th century
- jug_blue.jpg: Glazed earthenware jug, Persia, 12th century
- jug_persian.jpg: Jug, Persia, 12th century
- dish10.jpg: Earthenware bowl, Persia, 12th-13th century
- dish_bronze.jpg: Bronze dish with enamel inlay, Mosul?, 12th century
- boat_large.jpg, boat_brushed.jpg: Illustration of passenger boat on the Tigris River, from the Maqamat of al-Hariri, Baghdad, 1237
- goblet_seljuk_large.html, goblet_seljuk.jpg: Glass goblet with enamel decoration, Syria, 1280
- alhambra_vase.jpg: Alhambra vase, a type of pottery current in Malage in the 14th century
- dish09.jpg: Bowl, Paterna, 13th-14th century
- bowl.jpg: Decorated bowl, Fustat, 14th century
- hariri_chums_large.jpg, hariri_chums_brushed.jpg: Two seated figures, from the Maqamat of al-Hariri, Syria, 1237
- dish15.jpg: Iznik ware, Turkey, 16th century
- jug_iznik.jpg: Earthenware jug, Iznik, 16th century
- flying_tortoise.jpg: Miracle of the flying tortoise, from the Humanyun-nameh, Ottoman, 1580
- dish07.jpg: Earthenware dish, Kashan, 13th century
- dish14.jpg: Earthenware plate with relief decoration, Sultaniyah, 14th century
- nargileh.jpg: Nargileh bottle, Kirman style, Persian, 17th century
- ladies_picnicking_large.jpg, ladies_picnicking.jpg: Miniature painting depicting ladies at a picnic, Persian, 1463
- garden_of_spring.jpg: Scene from Jami's Baharistan, by Mushkin, Persian, 16th century
- pensive_poet_large.jpg, pensive_poet.jpg: A pensive poet on a midsummer night in a garden in Kashmir, 1630
- crow.jpg, crow_brushed.jpg: Illustration from Kalilah wa Dimnah showing the adventures of the bear and the hooded crow, Syria, 14th century
- fables_large.jpg, fables.jpg: Illustration from Kalilah wa Dimnah, Baghdad, 1300
Esposito, John L., editor. Oxford History of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)
- cordoba.jpg: The Great Mosque of Cordoba
- calligraphic_man_large.jpg, calligraphic_man.jpg: Contemporary Moroccan calligraphic panel
- alkhwarizmi_kitab.jpg: Page from al-Khwarizmi's Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, the oldest Arabic work on algebra. 9th century
- dioscorides02.jpg: Page from manuscript of Arabic translation of Dioscorides Materia Medica, 11th century
- delhi_marble_inlay.jpg: Marble inlay tile from the Red Fort in Delhi, built by Shah Jahan
- quran_calligraphy_large.jpg, quran_calligraphy: Illuminated Qur'an made for Ilkhanid ruler Uljaytu, Hamadan, 1313
- ikhwan.jpg: Illustrations from Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, Baghdad, 1287
- jahangir.jpg, right_hand_brushed.jpg, jahangir_detail.jpg: Emperor Shah Jahan presenting a book to Shaykh Husayn, descendant of Muiniddin Chishti and superintendent of the shrine at Ajmer, where Jahangir lived from 1613 to 1616.
- dara_and_mullah.jpg: Dara Shikoh, eldest son and successor of Shah Jahan, seated before his teacher, Miyan Mir (in white), the great Sufi mystic from Lahore, and his successor, Mulla Shah, wearing black. Indian, 1635.
- bowl_chinese.jpg: Porcelain bowl made at the kilns of Jingdezhen, eastern China, inscribed with good wishes in Persian, early 16th century
- mali_quran.jpg: Illuminated Qur'an, Mali, lat 17th-early 18th century
- prayer_beads.jpg: Prayer beads, el-Fasher, western Sudan
Ettinghausen, Richard, Arab Painting (Paris: Skira, 1962)
- sassanian_floral.jpg: Floral mosaic in the Sassanian manner. Mosaic, Dome of the Rock, 691
- tree_brushed.jpg, tree_and_deer.jpg: Tree with animal scenes. Mosaic, Jordan, 724-743
- king_of_crows_large.jpg, palm_tree_brushed.jpg: Council of the King of the Crows, Syria, 1200-1220
- dioscorides_grapevine_large.jpg, dioscorides_grapevine.jpg: Illustration from De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, Iraq or Syria, 626/1229
- dioscorides_lentil.jpg: Illustration from De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, Iraq or Syria, 626/1229
- hajj_large.jpg, hajji.jpg: Illustration from Maqamat of al-Hariri, Abu Zayd leaves al-Harith during the Pilgrimage, 13th century
- camels_large.jpg, camels.jpg: A drove of camels. Illustration from Maqamat of al-Hariri, Baghdad, 1237
- andromachos_large.jpg, andromachos_crop.jpg: The Physician Andromakhos watches agricultural activities, Northern Iraq, 1199
- astragalus.jpg: Illustration from De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, Iraq or Syria, 626/1229, Baghdad, 621/1224
- ikhwan01_large.jpg, ikhwan01.jpg: Illustration from The Epistles of the Sincere Brethren: Authors and Attendants, Baghdad, 686/1287
- wedding_large.jpg, wedding.jpg: The Wedding Banquet, from the Maqamat of al-Hariri, Baghdad, 1225-1235
- village.jpg: Discussion near a Village, from Maqamat of al-Hariri, Baghdad, 1237
- eastern_isle_large.jpg, eastern_isle.jpg: The Eastern Isle, from the Maqamat of al-Hariri, Baghdad, 1237
- banquet_of_physicians.jpg, fruit_dish.jpg: The Banquet of the Physicians, Syria, 672/1273
- crows_and_owls_large.jpg, crows_and_owls.jpg: The Crows using their Wings to fan the Fire with which they kill their Enemies, the Owls. Illustration from Kalila wa-Dimna of BidpaiSyria, 14th century
- ostrich.jpg: Illustration from Book of Animals of al-Jahiz, Syria, 14th century
- duck.jpg: Illustration from The Disclosure of the Secrets, Syria, 14th century
- wild_people_large.jpg: The Order of the World and her Wonders and The Wild People at the End of the World, Syria, 970/1563
- taurus_large.jpg, taurus.jpg: Taurus, from The Wonders of Creation, Syria or Iraq, 18th century
- well_large.jpg, well.jpg: Scene at a well. Painted ceiling panel, Palermo, 12th century
Eren, Neset, The Art of Turkish Cooking (New York: Doubleday, 1969, reprinted Hippocrene 1993)
Freke, Timothy, Sacred Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Quest Books, 1998)
Friedlander, Ira, The Whirling Dervishes (Albany: SUNY, 1992)
- rembrandt.jpg: Artists' sketch made after a Rembrandt etching, n.d.
- ya_hat.gif: Calligraphy in the form of a dervish hat which says "Ya Hazrat Mevlana" (Praise to Our Master)
Gray, Basil, Treasures of Persian Painting (Paris: Skira, 1961)
- abraham03_large.jpg: Abraham receiving the Three Strangers and Sarah in the tent. Illustration from Jami' al-Tawarikh of Rashid al-Din. Tabriz, 1314.
- lubya_tree_large.jpg: Gathering Fruit from the Lubya Tree. Illustration from Aja'ib al-Makhluqat, Baghdad, 1388.
- peasants_large.jpg, peasants.jpg: Bahram Gur in the Peasants' House. Illustration from Shah-nama of the Wazir Qawan al-Din Hasan, Shiraz, 1341.
- mountains_and_streams_large.jpg, mountains_and_streams.jpg: Mountains and streams. Persian, 1398.
- abraham_flames_large.jpg, abraham_amid_flames.jpg: Abraham amid the flames. Illustration from Anthology of Iskandar Sultan, Shiraz, 1410.
- wazir_dervish_large.jpg: Wazir as a dervish begging in front of the King's palace. Illustration from the Gulistan of Sa'di. Herat, 1427.
- shahnama_banquet01_large.jpg, shahnama_banquet01_detail.jpg, three_guys.jpg: Banquet scenes from the Shah-Nama. Shiraz, 1444.
- shahnama_banquet02_large.jpg, man_carrying_platter.jpg: Banquet scenes from the Shah-Nama. Shiraz, 1444.
- gabriel_ali_large.jpg, muhammad_brushed.jpg, ali_brushed.jpg: Gabriel shows the prowess of 'Ali to the Prophet Muhammad. Shiraz, 1480.
- ali_pillar_large.jpg: Ali removes a Pillar placed by Solomon in a Cave and releases a supply of good water. Illustration from the Khawar-nama of Ibn Husam, Shiraz, 1480.
- shaykh_iraqi_large.jpg: Shaykh Iraqi overcome with emotion at parting from a friend. From the Khamsa of Mir Ali Shir Nawa'i, Herat, 1485.
- hunting_scene_large.jpg: Hunting scene from the Zafar-Nama of Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, Tabriz, 1529.
- iskandar_visits_hermit_large.jpg: Iskandar visiting a hermit. From the Khamsa of Nizami, Persian, 1535-40.
- wonders_of_creation_large.jpg: Rhinoceros, Buffalo and Tree-Dwellers, from The Wonders of Creation (Aja'ib al-Makhluqat), Shiraz, 1545.
- drinking_party_large.jpg: Drinking party in the mountains. Attributed to Muhammadi. Persian, 1590.
Grube, Ernst J., The World of Islam (New York: McGraw Hill, n.d.)
- abraham02.jpg: Abraham's Sacrifice, Timurid, 813/1410
- life_in_the_city_large.jpg, kitchen_help.jpg, passing_the_cup.jpg: Life in the City, by Mir Sayyid Ali, Persian, 1540
- transoxiana_album_large.jpg, smoker_brushed.jpg: Painting in an album from Transoxiana or Herat, 1400
- lecture_large.jpg, lecture.jpg: Painting from Hariri's Maqamat, Syria, 1222
- turkman.jpg: Portrait of a Turkman, drawing by Sadki-beg
- phoenix_large.jpg, : Phoenix, by Manafi al-Hayawan. Detail from The Usefulness of Animals, Persian, 13th century
Guy, John, and Deborah Swallow, editors, Arts of India: 1550-1900 (London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1990)
- spoon_gold_large.jpg, spoon_gold.jpg: Gold spoon inlaid with rubies, India, late 16th-early 17th century
- turkey_crop_large.jpg, turkey_brushed.jpg: Turkey, Mughal, India, 1612
- huqqa02.jpg: Green glass huqqa base, India, early 18th century
- wall_hanging_large.jpg, wall_hanging_brushed.jpg: Wall hanging, India, 1650-1720
- dervish_party04.jpg: A gathering of mystics, Mughal India, 1650
- huqqa03.jpg: Huqqa base, northern India, 17th century
- dastar_khwan_large.jpg, dastar_khwan.jpg: Floor spread, India, 1700
- ewer_indian.jpg: Ewer, bidri inlaid with silver and brass, India, mid-17th century
- bowl06.jpg: Bowl, bidri inlaid with silver and brass, India, early 17th century
- raja_ajmat.jpg: Raja Ajmat Dev of Mankot smoking a huqqa, Mankot, Punjab hills, 1730
- lady_smoking.jpg: Lady smoking huqqa, Punjab, 1800
- huqqa04.jpg: Huqqa base and box, Lucknow, 1800
- lady_smoking02.jpg: Lady smoking huqqa, Bengal, 1760
- huqqa05.jpg: Huqqa, Calcutta, 1860's
Haak, Bob, Rembrandt: His Life, His Work, His Time (New York: Abrams, 1969?)
Inayat Khan, Music (New York: Weiser, 1977)
Iran: Persian Miniatures - Imperial Library (Paris: UNESCO, 1956)
- yazdjird_large.jpg: King Yazdjird offers a robe of honor to Munzir the Arab, Persian, 1430
- four_friends_large.jpg, four_friends.jpg: The Fable of the Four Friends, from Kalila wa Dimna, Persian, 1420
- fabulous_bird_large.jpg, fabulous_bird_brushed.jpg: The King and the Wonderful Bird, from Kalila wa Dimna, Persian, 1420
- garden_large.jpg: The garden Husayn Bayqara, by Bihzad, Persian, 1480
- garden02_large.jpg, melons.jpg: In a garden pavilion, Persian, 16th century
- meal_prep_large.jpg, meal_prep.jpg, carrying03.jpg: Meal preparations, Persian, 16th century
- country_scene_large.jpg, barbeque.jpg: Country scene, Persian, 16th century
Islam and the Arab World, edited by Bernard Lewis (London: Thames & Hudson, 1976)
- baker.jpg: Baker, early 7th/13th Century
- bread_stamp01.jpg, bread_stamp02.jpg, bread_stamp03.jpg: Bread stamps, Egypt, 5th-7th/11th-13th Century
- tilework.jpg: Molded tile, Kashan, 7th/13th century, depicting a mihrab with lamp, symbol of divine light
- churn.jpg, grind.jpg: Churning and grinding, details from 10th/16th century Persian dictionary
- boy_with_cakes.jpg: Boy with cakes, detail of miniature of tomb of Sa'di in Shiraz
- tiger_carpet.jpg: Carpet, Persian, 11th/17th century
- dervish02.jpg: Persian dervish, Persian, 10th/16th century
- beggar_large.jpg, beggar.jpg: Sufi warming his feet, Persian, 10th/16th century
- reading.jpg: Person reading a book, detail from Persian metal engraving, 1009/1600
- dervish_party01_large.jpg, shaikh02.jpg, reading02.jpg, red_skirt.jpg: Mughal miniature, 1004/1595
- dervish_party02_large.jpg, dervish_party02.jpg: Dervishes dancing, detail from Mughal miniature, 11th/17th Century
- pharmacist.jpg: Pharmacist preparing drugs, from a 7th/13th century Arabic manuscript of Dioscorides Materia Medica
- dervish_party03_large.jpg, wild_and_crazy.jpg: Dervishes dancing, Persian Timurid manuscript, 896/1490
- in_the_mosque_large.jpg, in_the_mosque.jpg: Preaching Sufi, 10th/16th century Persian manuscript
- travellers_large.jpg, travellers.jpg: Fakhruddin Iraqui and a band of travelling Qalandars
- sleeping_dervishes_large.jpg, sleeping_dervishes.jpg: Two sleeping dervishes, 11th/17th century Persian drawing
- conference.jpg: Conference of the Birds, 9th/15th century
- hafiz_large.jpg, hafiz_brushed.jpg: Hafiz points out a poem in his Divan, Mughal manuscript 1019/1610
- sadi.jpg: Detail of Persian painting, n.d.
- old_man_large.jpg, old_man.jpg: Al-Hariri and his companions meet an old man, 5th/11th century
- musicians_large.jpg, stirring.jpg, two_men.jpg: Details from painting of musicians, Persian, 654/1256
- library.jpg: The public library of Hulwan, near Baghdad; detail from Hariri's Maqamat, Persian, 7th/13th century
- simurgh.jpg: Simurgh, detail from The Conference of the Birds, Persian, 9th/15th century
- konya_bird.jpg: Tile with figure of bird, Konya, 6th/11-12th centuries
- intoxication_large.jpg, intoxication.jpg: Intoxicated dervish, Persian, 1060/1650
- dervish_deer.jpg: Dervish leading a deer, French, 1568
- suleyman_large.jpg, suleyman.jpg: Suleyman the Magnificent, Jan Swaart, woodcut, 933/1526
- gabriel.jpg, gabriel_crop.jpg: Gabriel with trumpet, Egypt or Syria, 8th/14th Century
Lowry, Glenn D., with Susan Nemazee, A Jeweler's Eye: Islamic Arts of the Book from the Vever Collection (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1988)
- khusraw_visits_farhad_large.jpg, mountains.jpg: Khusraw, Dressed as a Shepherd, Visits Farhad, Persian, 972
- discussion.jpg: Detail from Sultan-Mahmud of Gahzna in Disucssion with a Dervish, Persian, 985/1577
- old_woman_large.jpg, old_woman.jpg: An Old Woman and Two Sages in a Garden. Bukhara, 1520.
- joseph_enthroned_large.jpg, sofreh_brushed.jpg: Detail from Joseph Enthroned, Persian, 1550
- miraj_large.jpg, miraj.jpg: Ascent of the Prophet to Heaven, Persian, 1550
- angels.jpg: Detail from Adam and Eve, Persian, 1550
- prostrate_large.jpg, prostrate.jpg: A Prince Prostrates Himself before a Holy Man, Persian, 1470
- prince_enthroned_large.jpg, trees.jpg: Detail from A Prince Enthroned Surrounded by Attendants, Persian, 1425-30
- shahjahan_large.jpg, shaikh.jpg: Detail from Shahjahan Enthroned with Mahabat Khan and a Shaykh, Mughal, 1629
- school_large.jpg, kids_cooking.jpg: Detail from A School Scene, Persian, 1540
- seated_youth.jpg: A Seated Youth, Persian, 1540
- old_man_with_bowl.jpg: An Old Man Carries A Bowl, Persian, 1610-15
- bearded.jpg: A Bearded Man Leans on a Stick, Persian, 1630-40
- dara_and_mulla.jpg: Dara Shikoh with Mian Mir and Mulla Shah, Mughal, 1635
- green_man_brushed.jpg: Detail from Kay Khusraw and Kay Kaus, Persian, 1493
- prince_and_princess_large.jpg, carrying02.jpg: A Prince and a Princess Seated on a Carpet in a Golden Landscape, Persian, 1558
- seated_princess_large.jpg, carrying_brushed.jpg: Detail from A Seated Princess, Persian, 1600
- miraj03_large.jpg, buraq_brushed.jpg, angel_flying_brushed02.jpg: Ascent of the Prophet to Heaven, Persian, 1550
Khamsa of Nizami, commentary by Maurice S. Dimand (New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1969)
Lewis, Samuel, In the Garden: Murshid Sam (New York: Harmony Books, 1975)
- sam.jpg: Sam Lewis, photographer unknown
Magowan, Robin, and Vadim Gippenreiter, Fabled Cities of Central Asia (New York: Abbeville, 1989)
Moinuddin, Abu Abdullah Ghulam, The Book of Sufi Healing, by Shaikh Hakim Moinuddin Chishti (Rochester: Inner Traditions, 1991)
Ozak, Muzaffer, Love is the Wine: Talks of a Sufi Master in America (Putney: Threshold, 1987)
Ozturk, Yasar Nuri, Eye of the Heart (Istanbul: Redhouse, n.d.)
- dervishes_large.jpg, dervishes.jpg: Roving dervishes, 17th century Safavid miniature
- bektashi_shaikh.jpg: Bektashi Shaikh, Paris, 1897
- bektashi_dervish_large.jpg, bektashi_dervish.jpg: Bektashi dervish, Paris, 1897
- rufai.jpg: Rufai Dervish, Paris, 1897
- mevlevi_shaikh.jpg: Mevlevi shaikh, Paris, 1897
Papadopoulo, Alexandre, Islam and Muslim Art (New York: Abrams, 1979)
- damascus_cupola_large.jpg, damascus_cupola.jpg: Detail from the Cupola of the Treasure, Great Mosque, Damascus, 710-715
- solon_large.jpg, solon.jpg: Solon and the students, Syria, 13th century
- alharith_and_companions_large.jpg, alharith_and_companions_.jpg: Al Harith and his companions before their separation, Baghdad, 1237
- abuzayd_and_son_large.jpg, abuzayd_and_son.jpg: th century
- crows_and_owls_large.jpg, crows_and_owls.jpg: The Crows Setting Fire to the Owls' Nest, from the Kalila wa Dimna, Syria, 1325-1350
- miraj04.jpg: The Angel Gabriel and Muhammad, Riding his Horse Buraq, Come Before the Angel with ASeventy Heads and Seventy Tongues, and before the Prophets Yahya and Zakharia, Iran, Herat, 1436
- ali_battles_demon.jpg: Ali doing battle with the Demons, Iran, Shiraz, 1480
- ali_slays_dragon_large.jpg: Ali slaying the dragon, Iran, Shiraz, 1480
- shaikh_meditating_large.jpg, shaikh_meditating_detail.jpg: A shaikh meditating in a pavilion, Iran, Qazvin or Herat, 1556-1565
- encounter_of_jahangir.jpg: An encounter of Jahangir, India, 1620
- saki_large.jpg, saki_brushed.jpg: Saki, Iran, Isfahan, 17th century
- quran03_large.jpg, quran03_detail.jpg: Illuminated Qur'an, Egypt, 1730
- basin_large.jpg: Bronze basin, Egypt or Syria, 14th century
- dish20.jpg: Dish, Iran, Nishapur, 9th century
- dish21.jpg: Dish, Iran, Saveh, 16th century
- _large.jpg, .jpg: th century
- _large.jpg, .jpg: th century
- _large.jpg, .jpg: th century
- _large.jpg, .jpg: th century
Pratapaditya Pal, Indian Painting, vol. 1: 1000-1700 (New York: Abrams, 1993)
- indian_quran_large.jpg, attendant.jpg, indian_chums.jpg: From the Divan of Sultan Husayn, India, 1610
- gulistan_vizier_large.jpg: Illustration from the Gulistan of Sa'di, India, 16th century
- chingiznama_large.jpg, chingiznama_detail.jpg: Alanquva and Her Three Sons, from the Chingiznama of Rashid ad-Din, India, 1596
- indian_holy_man_large.jpg: Illustration of a seated holy man, India, 1610
- four_mullas_large.jpg: Four mullas in a meadow, India, 1610
- indian_contemplative_large.jpg: Seated man in contemplation, India, 1085/1675
- mulla_raoza_large.jpg: Mulla Raoza, watercolor, India, 1675
- tale_of_a_parrot_large.jpg: Illustration from Tales of a Parrot, India, 1580
Robinson, B.W., Persian Drawings from the 14th Through the 19th Century (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965)
Schimmel, Annemarie, Calligraphy and Islamic Culture (New York: New York University Press, 1981)
- lion.gif: Calligraphic lion made of Shi'i invocations
- stork_green.gif: Basmalah in the shape of a stork, Turkey, 19th century
- bawa.gif: Basmalah in the form of a swan, by H.H. Bawa Muhaiyddin, Sri Lanka, ca. 1978
Schimmel, Annemarie, Mystical Dimensions of Islam
- rembrandt02.jpg: Rembrandt's copy of a Mogul miniature, showing the founders of the four great mystical orders
- bektashi_face.gif: Calligraphic face
- perish.jpg: "Everything is perishing except the face of God" in mirror script, Egypt
Schimmel, Annemarie, The Triumphal Sun
Selected Masterpieces of Asian Art at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1992)
Stuart, Desmond, Early Islam (New York: Time-Life, 1967)
- angels_book_cover.jpg: Detail from title page of The Quintet, Persia
- angels_visit.jpg, pitcher_brushed.jpg: Angels visit Muhammad to prepare him for the Miraj; detail from The Progress of the Prophet, Turkey, 16th century
- prophet_bedouins_large.jpg, prophet_bedouins.jpg: Muhammad and Abu Bakr visit poor Bedouins, who have to sustenance to share until the Prophet makes their ewe give milk
- jar_blue.jpg: Storage jar, Syria, 11th-12th century
- rosewater_bottle.jpg: Rosewater sprinkler, Persia, n.d.
- prophet_on_rug_large.jpg, prophet_on_rug.jpg: The Prophet on his prayer rug, Persia, n.d.
- dish11.jpg: Plate, n.d.
Thubron, Colin, Istanbul (New York: Time-Life, 1978)
Turkey: Miniatures (Paris: UNESCO, 1961)
- lovers_in_garden_large.jpg, rooster.jpg, flowering_vine.jpg: Lovers in a Garden, Turkey, 13th century
- nomads_large.jpg, cooking02.jpg: Nomad encampment, Turkish, 15th century
- galata_large.jpg, galata.jpg: Galata, Istanbul, 16th century
- sultan_and_mystic_large.jpg, sultan_and_mystic_detail.jpg: A celebrated mystic is received by the Sultan, Turkish, 16th century
- fireworks_large.jpg, dragon.jpg: Fireworks for a night festival, Turkish, 1703-1730
- guild_march_large.jpg: March-past of the guilds of husbandmen, millers and bakers, Turkish, 1703-1730
Tzareva, Elena, Rugs and Carpets from Central Asia (Middlesex: Penguin, 1984)
- prayer_rug.jpg: Detail from Kashgarlyk uzbek namazlyk prayer rug, first half 19th century
- prayer_rug.jpg: Detail from Ersari namazlyk, first half 19th century
de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Eva, Rumi and Sufism (Sausalito, CA: Post-Apollo, 1977)
- hu.gif: Double waw symbol, Konya
Welch, Stuart Cary, Royal Persian Manuscripts (London: Thames & Hudson, 1976)
- id.jpg: The Feast of 'Id Begins, from the Diwan of Hafiz
- majnun_in_chains_large.jpg, milking.jpg: Detail from Majnun in Chains Brought by a Beggar Woman to Layla's Tent, attributed to Mir Sayyid 'Ali
- yusuf_escapes_large.jpg, cooking.jpg, sacrifice.jpg: Yusuf's Escape from the Well and detail, attributed to Muzaffer 'Ali
- qays_large.jpg, ladling_soup.jpg, man_and_child.jpg, reading03.jpg: Qays's First Glimpse at the Fair Layla, attributable to Muzaffer 'Ali. Persian, 16th century
- majnun_eavesdrops_large.jpg, tent.jpg, waiter.jpg: Majnun Eavesdrops on Layla's Camp, attributable to Shaikh Muhammad, Persian, 16th century
- barbad_large.jpg, visit.jpg, chums.jpg: Barbad Playing Music to Khusraw, attributed to Mirza 'Ali, Persian, 16th century
- scandal_large.jpg, two_turbans.jpg, turban.jpg, ispy.jpg: Scandal in a Mosque, detail from The Divan of Hafiz, signed by Shaykh Zader, Persian, 16th century
- inadequate_large.jpg, king_dervish.jpg: Another Inadequate Gift, attributable to Mirza 'Ali, Persian, 1556
- yusuf_entertained.jpg, waiters.jpg: Detail from Yusuf Entertained in Court Before His Marriage to Zuleikha, attributable to Shaykh Muhammad, Persian, 16th century
- lovers_picnicking_large.jpg, picnic.jpg: Detail from Lovers Picknicking, attributable to Sultan Muhammad
- heavenly_isle.jpg, paradise_tree.jpg: Salaman and Absal on the Heavenly Isle, by Mirza 'Ali, Persian, 1560
Wheeler, Mortimer, Splendors of the East (New York: Putnam, 1965)
Wilson, Peter Lamborn, Pirate Utopias (Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 1987)
Yerasimos, Stephanie, Turkish Style (New York: Vendome Press, n.d.)
Yoshida, Mitsukumi, In Search of Persian Pottery (Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1972)
- dish17.jpg: Dish with peacock design, Sari, 11th century
- tile_large.jpg, tile.jpg: Start-shaped tile with seated figures and calligraphy, Kashan, 13th century
- .jpg: Flasks with gold coloring and turquoise glaze, Saveh, 13th century
- dish18.jpg: Minai bowl with rider design, Ray, 12th century
- cup02.jpg: Minai cup, Ray, 12th century
from Serving the Guest: A Sufi Cookbook
Copyright © 1999, 2000 by Kathleen Seidel
Sources of previously published material by other authors used by permission, and print sources for images, may be found at http://www.superluminal.com/cookbook.
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